Historical Symbol of Indonesia

Indonesian national symbol Garuda Pancasila is the motto of Unity in Diversity. Indonesian national symbol Garuda bird shaped head turned to the right (from the perspective of Garuda), shield shaped like a heart that hangs with chain on neck Garuda, and the motto of Unity in Diversity, which means "Different but still one" written on tape which is gripped by the Garuda. This emblem was designed by Sultan Hamid II of Pontianak, which is then refined by President Soekarno, and inaugurated its use as a symbol of the state first in the United States of Indonesia KabinetRepublik Assembly on February 11, 1950.

Garuda Pancasila state symbol regulated its use in that Regulation. 43/1958.

Garuda, the vehicle (vehicle) Vishnu appeared in various ancient temples in Indonesia, such as Prambanan, Mendut, Sojiwan, Upgrading, Hemisphere, Sukuh and Cetho in relief or statue. In Prambanan there is a temple in front of the temple is dedicated to Vishnu, Garuda, but not found the statue of Garuda in it. In Prambanan Shiva temple there is a relief depicting episodeRamayana nephew who is also the nation's god Garuda bird, Jatayu, tried to rescue Sita from the clutches of Ravana. Posthumous statue Airlangga depicted as Vishnu riding Garuda middle of the temple is the statue of Garuda Hemisphere may be the most famous Javanese, this statue is now housed in the Museum Trowulan.

Garuda appears in many stories, especially in Java and Bali. In many stories Garuda symbolizes virtue, knowledge, strength, courage, loyalty, and discipline. As the vehicle Vishnu, Garuda also has properties as a custodian and guardian Vishnu order of the universe. In the tradition of Bali, Garuda glorified as "Lord of all creatures that can fly" and "the great king of the birds". In Bali he is usually portrayed as a creature having the head, beak, wings, and cakarelang, but has the body and the human arm. Usually portrayed in a subtle and intricate carvings with bright golden color, as depicted in the position of a vehicle Vishnu, or the scene of the battle against the dragon. Noble position of Garuda in Indonesian tradition since ancient times have made Garuda as the national symbol of Indonesia, as the embodiment of the ideology of Pancasila. Garuda also chosen as the name of the Indonesian national airline Garuda Indonesia. Besides Indonesia, Thailand also uses the Garuda as the symbol of the state.

After the Indonesian Independence War of 1945-1949, followed by the Dutch recognition of Indonesian sovereignty over the Round Table Conference in 1949, felt the need for Indonesia (Republic of Indonesia at the time) had a state symbol. Dated January 10, 1950 Technical Committee was formed with the name of the State Committee under coordinator Badges Minister Zonder Porto Folio Sultan Hamid II to the arrangement of the technical committee as chairman Muhammad Yamin, Ki Hajar Devantoro, MA Pellaupessy, Mohammad Natsir, and RM Ng Poerbatjaraka as members. The committee in charge of selecting the proposed design for the chosen symbol of the state and submitted to the government

Referring to the book description of Bung Hatta "Bung Hatta Answering" The decision to implement the Cabinet Meeting Minister Priyono implement contest. Elected best two draft national symbol, the work of Sultan Hamid II and the work of M Yamin. In the next process which received the government and the House of Representatives is the design of Sultan Hamid II. The work of M. Yamin was rejected because it includes solar rays, which reveal the influence of Japan.

Once the design was chosen, an intensive dialogue between the designer (Sultan Hamid II), RIS President Sukarno and Prime Minister Mohammad Hatta, improvements continue to be made for the purposes of the draft. The three of them agreed to change the grip tape Garuda, which originally was a red and white ribbon with a white ribbon adds the motto "Unity in Diversity". Date February 8, 1950, the design of the coat of arms was made Minister of State for RIS, Sultan Hamid II submitted to the President. The design of the coat of arms of the party have input Masyumiuntuk be reconsidered, because of objections to the image of Garuda birds with human arms and shoulders holding a shield and is considered too mythological. 

Sultan Hamid II

Sultan Hamid II re-submit the draft state symbol image which has been enhanced by the growing aspirations, so as to create a form-eagle Garuda Pancasila. Abbreviated Garuda Pancasila. President Soekarno then submit the draft to the Cabinet RIS via Moh Hatta as prime minister. AG Pringgodigdo in his book "About Pancasila" published by Ministry of Defense, Armed Forces History Center said the design work of the state emblem of Sultan Hamid II was finally unveiled their use in the RIS Cabinet meeting on February 11, 1950. When the image of Garuda Pancasila eagle head shape is still " bare "and not crested like its current form. President Soekarno then introduced for the first time the state symbol to the public at the Hotel Des Indes Jakarta on February 15, 1950.

Sukarno continued to improve the shape of Garuda Pancasila. On the date March 20, 1950 Sukarno ordered the court painter, Dullah, paint back the draft, after previously repaired include the addition of "crest" on the head of Garuda Pancasila, as well as changing the position of the gripping claw foot behind the tape of the original tape to be in front of the tape, the input of President Soekarno. Sukarno believed that the reason for adding crested hairless head Garuda was considered too similar to the Bald Eagle, symbol of the United States. For the last time, Sultan Hamid II completed the final form of image completion state emblem, is to increase the size scale and full color state symbol pictures . The design of Garuda Pancasila last big sculpture made of gilded bronze material stored in the Space Independence National Monument as a reference, defined as the state emblem of the Republic of Indonesia, and the design has not changed until now.


reference :
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambang_Indonesia